Twenty-five years on, the commemorations of September 11 have a settled rhythm. Names are read. Bells are struck. Officials look grave.
Then a widow stepped forward at Ground Zero and declined to play her assigned part.
Terry Strada's husband, Tom, was murdered in the North Tower of the World Trade Center. He had been at work on the 104th floor when American Airlines Flight 11 struck the building. On Friday, at the ceremony marking a quarter-century since that morning, she said that Saudi Arabia still evades responsibility for the attacks, and that the United States has helped it do so.
Terry is national chair of 9/11 Families United. She did not waste the occasion on atmosphere.
"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia fomented a rancid culture of anti-American terrorism around the globe, and then sent its agents to support the radical Islamist hijackers so they could attack you and all of our loved ones," Strada said.
Then she turned from the kingdom to the governments that have found it convenient to look away.
"But for 25 years, administration after administration, including leaders in front of us here today, chose to protect the Saudis instead of standing with the 9/11 families." Vice President JD Vance was in the audience in Lower Manhattan, the most senior official of the Trump administration present.
President Trump spoke separately at the Pentagon. Strada addressed both.
"It has been one betrayal after another. President Trump can still change that. Tell the Saudis to stop lying. Tell them that if they want to be friends with the USA, they cannot continue to deny all of this," she said. "Vice President Vance, thank you for being here today. Please carry that message back. Stand with the families. Stand with the survivors. Stand with Americans."
Tom Strada was 41 and worked at Cantor Fitzgerald. Days before the attacks, he and his wife had brought their third child home from the hospital. After the plane hit, he called her and said he was heading toward the stairwell.
That is the human fact over which the diplomacy has been conducted. Nearly 3,000 people were killed at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and aboard the hijacked aircraft. Since then Strada has become one of the most persistent advocates for something rarer than remembrance: an accounting. She is among the thousands of family members and survivors who sued Saudi Arabia, alleging that the kingdom provided material support to the al Qaeda hijackers.
Saudi Arabia has repeatedly denied the allegations. Denial has been its posture for a generation and they are liars, plain and simple.
Last August a federal judge, George B. Daniels, ruled there was "reasonable evidence" that two Saudi government employees supported two future al Qaeda hijackers who entered the United States in early 2000 and took flight lessons. The judge allowed the case to proceed and rejected the kingdom's attempt to have it dismissed.
For more than a decade after the attacks, sovereign immunity made such a suit almost impossible. That changed in September 2016, when Congress passed the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act, known as JASTA, permitting Americans to sue foreign governments accused of providing material support for terrorist attacks on American soil.
President Barack Hussein Obama vetoed the bill.
He argued that it threatened "to strip all foreign governments of immunity from judicial process in the United States based solely upon allegations by private litigants."
Congress overrode the veto within days. The lawsuit against Saudi Arabia was filed in March 2017. It remains pending.
So the scene on Friday was not merely ceremonial. A woman whose husband died on the 104th floor told the officials in front of her that friendship with Riyadh has been purchased, year after year, at the expense of the dead and of the people left to bury them. Whether anyone in power intends to treat that as more than an awkward interlude at a memorial is another question. Strada, at least, declined to pretend that time had settled it.
She has bigger cajones than all the politicians who attended the memorial. Every one of them.
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